Corticosteroids (often just called steroids) are drugs that mimic different hormones in the body. There are several types of steroids that are often used in the treatment of blood cancers or blood conditions as they are known to be effective in killing some cancer cells. Steroids can also enhance the activity and effectiveness of other treatments, like chemotherapy, so are often used in combination with other drugs. Two common corticosteroids used are:
- Dexamethasone
- Prednisone.
These drugs work by directly killing cancer cells as well as enhancing the effects of chemotherapy. They are often given in combination with other drugs.
Corticosteroids can have a variety of side effects. These include:
- Mood changes (irritability, tearfulness, anger, anxiety)
- Difficulty sleeping or falling asleep
- Stomach pain or reflux
- Increased blood sugar (can cause steroid-induced diabetes in some people)
- Increased appetite and weight
- High blood pressure
- Increased risk of infection.
People whose blood sugar goes up when they are on corticosteroids will be given information on diet/nutrition and taught how to measure their blood sugar and adjust their medication. Blood sugar levels usually return to normal once the steroids are finished.
